-1) document.forms[0].elements[1].value='(Vx)( ?? > ?? )'" onunload="unLoader()">

Q7.2c Universal Statements

Symbolize as before. Feel free to write '^x' for the universal quantifier. (The parentheses will be added.) Click here to see the basic form for universal statements.

In each case below, the SL sentence you enter can be of the form '(^x)(Px>Qx)'. But there is no one correct answer for these; your answer will be judged correct if it is logically equivalent to the canned answer.

universe of discourse: animals
Hx: x is happy
Ox: x is a creature living in Ohio
Wx: x is a whale

  1. All whales are happy.
  2. All happy creatures are whales. (Hint)
  3. All whales from Ohio are unhappy. (Hint)
  4. All happy whales are from Ohio. (Hint)